History inspires the changes required in the present. What we see today as ‘modern’ problems have found a solution for themselves in the ancient times. Water management is one of the major issues we encounter today due to Global warming and Water pollution. However, taking a look back at the ancient times we realize that there are techniques and methods that provide a solution to these growing troubles.
When we look back at the History of Delhi, we come across some artificial (man-made) water structures Hauz, Baolis and Bunds each of which provide a different yet valuable solution to water management :-
Hauz (Water Tanks)
These are large man-made lakes or tanks to store surplus monsoon water, which helped in recharging groundwater. These structures were specifically built for the purpose of rainwater harvesting, irrigation and water supply Examples include :-
Baolis (Stepwells)
The mechanism of Baolis in Delhi involves a combination of architectural design and natural processes to manage and conserve water. Below are some of the most popular Baolis in the Indian capital:
Gandhak ki Baoli: The structure was built by Sultan Iltutmish in the early 13th century and the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) is making efforts to restore the Baoli
Hazrat Nizamuddin Ki Baoli: Built by the Sufi saint Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya in the 14th century, the structure is located near the Hazrat Nizamuddin Dargah.
Agrasen Ki Baoli: Deriving its name from the King ‘Maharaja Agrasen’ who marks the beginning of the Agrawal lineage, The extensive structure features a long staircase and a pool of water at the bottom.
Stepwells (Baolis) provided water for drinking, bathing, irrigation, and other needs. They also served as resting spots for travellers and pilgrims. They also served as community hubs where people celebrated festivals and had gatherings. They also held spiritual significance.
Bunds (Embankments)
Bunds in the context of ancient Delhi’s water management were critical structures used to control and channel rainwater runoff from the Delhi Ridge. These earth embankments played a pivotal role in creating a network of water harvesting systems that supported the city’s water needs
Satpura Dam: Built during the Tughlaq period, this dam retained water from a seasonal stream originating in Khanpur and flowing north. It is located in the present day Saket, South Delhi.
Bund Integration: Bunds near Tughlaqabad directed monsoon runoff into a lake surrounding the fort, which served as a moat for defense and a reservoir for drinking water. Seven baolis inside the fort were regularly recharged by surface runoff stored in nearby bunds.
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